Myanmar opposition leader, daughter of Aung San (a martyred national hero of independent Burma) and Khin Kyi (a prominent Burmese diplomat), and winner in 1991 of the Nobel Prize for Peace.

 

Aung San Suu Kyi was two years old when her father, then the de facto prime minister of what would shortly become independent Burma, was assassinated. She attended schools in Burma until 1960, when her mother was appointed ambassador to India. After further study in India, she attended the University of Oxford, where she met her future husband. She had two children and lived a rather quiet life until 1988, when she returned to Burma to nurse her dying mother. There the mass slaughter of protesters against the brutal and unresponsive rule of the military strongman U Ne Win led her to speak out against him and to begin a nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights. In July 1989 the military government of the newly named Union of Myanmar placed Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest and held her incommunicado. The military offered to free her if she agreed to leave Myanmar, but she refused to do so until the country was returned to civilian government and political prisoners were freed. The newly formed group with which she became affiliated, the National League for Democracy (NLD), won more than 80 percent of the parliamentary seats that were contested in 1990, but the results of that election were ignored by the military government (in 2010 the military government formally annulled the results of the 1990 election).

 

Aung San Suu Kyi was freed from house arrest in July 1995. The following year she attended the NLD party congress, but the military government continued to harass both her and her party. In 1998 she announced the formation of a representative committee that she declared was the country's legitimate ruling parliament. The military junta once again placed her under house arrest from September 2000 to May 2002. Following clashes between the NLD and pro-government demonstrators in 2003, the government returned her to house arrest. Calls for her release continued throughout the international community in the face of her sentence's annual renewal, and in 2009 a United Nations body declared her detention illegal under Myanmar's own law. In 2008 the conditions of her house arrest were somewhat loosened, allowing her to receive some magazines as well as letters from her children.

 

In May 2009, shortly before her most recent sentence was to be completed, Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested and charged with breaching the terms of her house arrest after an intruder (a U.S. citizen) entered her house compound and spent two nights there. In August she was convicted and sentenced to three years in prison, though the sentence immediately was reduced to 18 months, and she was allowed to serve it while remaining under house arrest. At the time of her conviction, the belief was widespread both within and outside of Myanmar that this latest ruling was designed to prevent Aung from participating in multiparty parliamentary elections (the first since 1990) scheduled for 2010.

 

This suspicion became reality through a series of new election laws enacted in March 2010: one prohibited individuals from any participation in elections if they had been convicted of a crime (as she had been in 2009), and another disqualified anyone who was married to a foreign national from running for office (her husband was British). In support of Aung San Suu Kyi, the NLD refused to reregister under these new laws (as was required) and was disbanded. The government parties faced little opposition in the Nov. 7, 2010, election and easily won an overwhelming majority of legislative seats amid widespread allegations of voter fraud. Aung was released from house arrest six days after the election and vowed to continue her opposition to military rule.

 

As the new government embarked on a process of reform, Aung and her party rejoined the political process.

 

On 1 April 2012 she stood for parliament in a by-election, arguing it was what her supporters wanted even if the country's reforms were "not irreversible".

 

She and her fellow NLD candidates won a landslide victory and weeks later the former political prisoner was sworn into parliament, a move unimaginable before the 2010 polls.

 

On 6 June 2013, Suu Kyi announced on the World Economic Forum's website that she wants to run for the presidency in Myanmar's 2015 elections. Suu Kyi is prohibited, however, from becoming president within the current constitution due to having married a non-Burmese person; this cannot be amended without the approval of at least one military legislator.

  

In 2015 Myanmar General Election her party NLD won a sweeping victory, taking 86 percent of the seats in the Assembly of the Union (235 in the House of Representatives and 135 in the House of Nationalities)--well more than the 67 percent supermajority needed to ensure that its preferred candidates will be elected president and first vice president in the Presidential Electoral College. Suu Kyi is expected to be “the power behind the throne.”

 

In early March 2016, the party selected the country's new president, Htin Kyaw, who had been a longtime adviser to Suu Kyi. He was sworn in at the end of the month. Because of Suu Kyi's marriage to a British national, she remains constitutionally barred from the presidency (a law brought in by the former military regime specifically to target Suu Kyi). However, in April 2016 the position of state counsellor was created to allow her a greater role in the country's affairs. Suu Kyi has publicly stated her intention to rule "above the president" until changes to the constitution can be addressed.

 

In 2017 Suu Kyi's reputation became tarnished when the military enacted a violent crackdown on the countries Rohingya Muslim minority, following small scale but deadly  Muslim fundamentalist terrorist activity. Walking a difficult line between condemning the military and fear of the military taking even further actions, including against the NLD, Suu Kyi was condemned by many world leaders for not standing up to and condemning the military.

 

In November 2020 the country held only its second democratic election, which the NLD easily won, to the chagrin of the military. The election was generally condemned around the world for not being free and fair, on account of the military having a guaranteed minimum of 25% of the parliamentary seats. Additionally, due to military pressure Rohingya's were not allowed to vote, many areas of the country are still experiencing armed conflict, media is unfairly controlled, protesting students have been detained, many areas of the country did not vote, voters lists were illegally deleted etc. Yet despite all this the NLD easily won the vote, which the military then disputed.

 

On the first of February 2021 just hours before parliament was due to be reconvened for the first time following the election, the military staged a coup de tat and arrested and detained Suu Kyi and the countries president Win Myint, placing the country under a military enforced state of emergency. Condemnation of the military quickly followed from world leaders.

 

 Encyclopædia Britannica / Wiki

 

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